Overview This document provides a deep-dive analysis of ECN (Explicit Congestion Notification) and CNP (Congestion Notification Packet) in RoCEv2 networks, based on real packet captures from an 8-node RDMA AI cluster. What You'll Learn: How ECN marks packets during congestion How CNP packets trigger rate reduction How DCQCN algorithm maintains lossless operation Real packet analysis with Wireshark Why This Matters Modern AI/ML training requires lossless networking for GPU-

Understanding Lossless Ethernet: Why PFC and ECN Matter for AI Training.

The Server Message Block (SMB) protocol is widely used in enterprise environments for file sharing. However, SMB is known for being extremely sensitive to network latency and fragmentation, making it a challenging protocol to optimize over wide-area networks (WANs), especially when IPSec tunnels, cloud security platforms like Cloudflare ZTNA, and next-generation firewalls such as FortiGate are involved. This document outlines best practices and field-proven techniques to opti

I had some problems accessing my lab over the Internet. I used Cloudflare solution to solve this issue and it was quite successful. Recently, the Cloudflare WARP app has been dramatically preferred. Why is it the most popular among enterprise VPN apps? The answer is simple. Secure and Flexible. I can connect the two sites over Cloudflare as quickly as possible. For this operation, I do not need any device on the network. I can do it with available devices on the network. Pl

How to configure the high availability on Fortigate Firewall

AS prepending is very important for path selection; you can manage the incoming traffic to your site. Many customers use this feature for...